Constitution of Egypt

PART ONE . THE STATE

Article 1. The Arab Republic of Egypt is a Socialist Democratic State based on the alliance of the working forces of the people. The Egyptian people are part of the Arab Nation and work for the realization of its comprehensive unity.

Article 2. Islam is the Religion of the State. Arabic is its official language, and the principal source of legislation is Islamic Jurisprudence (Sharia).

Article 3. Sovereignty is for the people alone who will practise and protect this sovereignty and safeguard national unity in the manner specified by the Constitution

Article 4. The economic foundation of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the socialist democratic system based on sufficiency and justice, in a manner preventing exploitation, narrowing the gap between incomes, protecting legitimate earnings and guaranteeing justice in the distribution of public responsibilities and expenditures .

Article 5. The political regime of the Arab Republic of Egypt is based upon the multi-party system within the framework of the basic principles and components of the Egyptian society stipulated by the Constitution . Political parties shall be organized by law .

Article 6. Egyptian Nationality is defined by law
PART TWO . BASIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE SOCIETY

CHAPTER I . Social and Moral Constituents

Article 7. Social solidarity is the basis of society

Article 8. The State shall guarantee equality of opportunity to all Egyptians .

Article 9. The family is the basis of the society founded on religion, morality and patriotism. The State is keen to preserve the genuine character of the Egyptian family- with all values and traditions represented by it- while affirming and promoting this character in the interplay of relations within the Egyptian society.

Article 10. The State shall guarantee the protection of motherhood and childhood, look after children and youth and provide the suitable conditions for the development of their talents.

Article 11. The State shall guarantee coordination between woman’s duties towards her family and her work in the society, considering her equal to man in the political, social, cultural and economic spheres without detriment to the rules of Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia).

Article 12. Society shall be committed to safeguarding and protecting morals, promoting the genuine Egyptian traditions and abiding by the high standards of religious education, moral and national values, the historical heritage of the people, scientific facts, socialist conduct and public manners within the limits of the law. The State is committed to abiding by these principles and promoting them.

Article 13. Work is a right, a duty and an honour ensured by the State. Distinguished workers shall be worthy of the appreciation of the State and the society. No work shall be imposed on citizens, except by virtue of the law, for the performance of a public service and in return for a fair remuneration.

Article 14. Citizens are entitled to public offices, which are assigned to those who shall occupy them in the service of people. The State guarantees the protection of public officers in the performance of their duties in safeguarding the interests of the people. They may not be dismissed by other than the disciplinary way except in the cases specified by the law.

Article 15. War veterans and those injured during wars or because of them , martyrs’ wives and children shall have priority in work opportunities according to the law.

Article 16. The State shall guarantee cultural, social and health services and shall work to ensure them particularly for villagers in an easy and regular manner in order to raise their standard .

Article 17. The State shall guarantee social and health insurance services. All citizens shall have the right to pensions in cases of incapacity, unemployment, and old-age in accordance with the law.

Article 18. Education is a right guaranteed by the State. It is obligatory in the primary stage. The State shall work to extend obligation to other stages. The State shall supervise all branches of education and guarantee the independence of universities and scientific research centers, with a view to linking all this with the requirements of society and production.

Article 19. Religious education shall be a principal subject in the courses of general education.

Article 20. Education in the State: Educational institutions shall be free of charge in their various stages.

Article 21. Combating illiteracy shall be a national duty for which all the people’s capacity shall be mobilized.

Article 22. The institution of civil titles shall be prohibited
CHAPTER II . Economic Constituents

Article 23. The national economy shall be organised in accordance with a comprehensive development plan which ensures raising the national income, fair distribution, raising the standard of living, solving the problem of unemployment, increasing work opportunities, connecting wages with production, fixing a minimum and maximum limit for wages in a manner that guarantees lessening the disparities between incomes

Article 24. The people shall control all means of production and direct their surplus in accordance with development plan laid down by the State.

Article 25. Every citizen shall have a share in the national revenue to be defined by law in accordance with his work or his unexploiting ownership .

Article 26. Workers shall have a share in the management and profits of projects . They shall be committed to the development of production and the implementation of the plan in their production units, in accordance with the law. Protecting the means of production is a national duty . Workers shall be represented on the boards of directors of the public sector units by at least 50% of the number of members of these boards. The law shall guarantee for the small farmers and small craftsmen 80%of the membership on the boards of directors of the agricultural and industrial co-operatives.

Article 27. Beneficiaries shall participate in the management of the services projects of public interest and their supervision in accordance with the law .

Article 28. The State shall look after the co-operative establishments in all their forms and encourage handicrafts with a view to developing production and raising income . The State shall endeavour to support agricultural co-operatives according to modern scientific bases.

Article 29. Ownership shall be under the supervision of the people and the protection of the State. There are three kinds of ownership: public ownership, co-operative ownership and private ownership.

Article 30. Public ownership is the ownership of the people and it is confirmed by the continuous support of the public sector. The public sector shall be the vanguard of progress in all spheres and shall assume the main responsibility in the development plan.

Article 31. Co-operative ownership is the ownership of the co-operative societies. The law shall guarantee its protection and self-management.

Article 32. Private ownership shall be represented by the unexploiting capital. The law shall organize the performance of its social function in the service of the national economy within the framework of the development plan, without deviation or exploitation. The ways of its utilization should not contradict the general welfare of the people.

Article 33. Public ownership shall have its sanctity. Its protection and support shall be the duty of every citizen in accordance with the law as it is considered the mainstay of the strength of the homeland, a basis for the socialist system and a source of prosperity for the people.

Article 34. Private ownership shall be safeguarded and may not be placed under sequestration except in the cases defined by law and in accordance with a judicial decision . It may not be expropriated except for the general good and against a fair compensation as defined by law. The right of inheritance shall be guaranteed in it .

Article 35. Nationalization shall not be allowed except for considerations of public interest and in accordance with a law and against a compensation.

Article 36. General confiscation of funds shall be prohibited . Private confiscation shall not be allowed except by a judicial decision.

Article 37. The law shall fix the maximum limit of land ownership with a view to protecting the farmer and the agricultural labourer from exploitation and asserting the authority of the alliance of the people’s working forces in villages.

Article 38. The tax system shall be based on social justice

Article 39. Saving is a national duty protected, encouraged and organized by the State.
PART THREE . PUBLIC FREEDOMS, RIGHTS AND DUTIES

Article 40. All citizens are equal before the law. They have equal public rights and duties without discrimination due to sex, ethnic origin, language, religion or creed.

Article 41. Individual freedom is a natural right not subject to violation except in cases of flagrante delicto. No person may be arrested, inspected, detained or have his freedom restricted in any way or be prevented from free movement except by an order necessitated by investigations and the preservation of public security. This order shall be given by the competent judge or the Public Prosecution in accordance with the provisions of the law.

Article 42. Any citizen arrested, detained or whose freedom is restricted shall be treated in a manner concomitant with the preservation of his dignity. No physical or moral harm is to be inflicted upon him. He may not be detained or imprisoned except in places defined by laws organizing prisons. If a confession is proved to have been made by a person under any of the aforementioned forms of duress or coercion, it shall be considered invalid and futile .

Article 43. Any medical or scientific experiment may not be performed on any person without his free consent

Article 44. Homes shall have their sanctity and they may not be entered or inspected except by a causal judicial warrant as prescribed by the law.

Article 45. The law shall protect the inviolability of the private life of citizens. Correspondence, wires, telephone calls and other means of communication shall have their own sanctity and their secrecy shall be guaranteed. They may not be confiscated or monitored except by a causal judicial warrant and for a definite period and according to the provisions of the law.
Article 46. The State shall guarantee the freedom of belief and the freedom of practising religious rights.

Article 47. Freedom of opinion shall be guaranteed. Every individual shall have the right to express his opinion and to publicise it verbally, in writing, by photography or by other means of expression within the limits of the law. Self criticism and constructive criticism shall guarantee the safety of the national structure .

Article 48. Liberty of the press, printing, publication and mass media shall be guaranteed . Censorship on newspapers shall be forbidden as well as notifying, suspending or cancelling them by administrative methods. In a state of emergency or in time of war, a limited censorship maybe imposed on the newspapers, publications and mass media in matters related to public safety or for purposes of national security in accordance with the law .

Article 49. The State shall guarantee for citizens the freedom of scientific research and literary, artistic and cultural creativity and provide the necessary means for encouraging their realization.

Article 50. No citizen shall be prohibited form residing in any place or be forced to reside in a particular place except in cases defined by law.

Article 51. No citizen may be deported from the country or prevented from returning to it.

Article 52. Citizens shall have the right to permanent or temporary emigration The law shall regulate this right and the measures and conditions of emigration.

Article 53. The right to political asylum shall be granted by the State to every foreigner persecuted for defending the people’s interests, human rights, peace or justice . The extradition of political refugees shall be prohibited.

Article 54. Citizens shall have the right to peaceful and unarmed private assembly, without the need for prior notice. Such private meetings should not be attended by security men. Public meetings, processions and gatherings shall be allowed within the limits of the law.

Article 55. Citizens shall have the right to form societies as defined by law. The establishment of societies whose activities are hostile to the social system, clandestine or have a military character shall be prohibited.

Article 56. The creation of syndicates and unions on democratic basis shall be guaranteed by law and shall have a legal person. The law regulates the participation of syndicates and unions in carrying out the social plans, and programmes raising the standard of efficiency, consolidating socialist behaviour among their members, and safeguarding their funds. They are responsible for questioning their members about their behaviour in exercising their activities according to certain codes of morals, and for defending the rights and liberties of their members as defined by law.

Article 57. Any assault on individual freedom or on the inviolability of the private life of citizens and any other public rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and the law shall be considered a crime, whose criminal and civil lawsuit is not liable to prescription. The State shall grant a fair compensation to the victim of such an assault.

Article 58. Defence of the motherland is a sacred duty and conscription shall be obligatory in accordance with the law.

Article 59. Safeguarding, consolidating and preserving the socialist gains shall be a national duty.

Article 60. Safeguarding national unity and keeping State secrets shall be the duty of every citizen.

Article 61. Payment of taxes and public imposts is a duty as defined by law.

Article 62. Citizen shall have the right to vote, nominate and express their opinions in referenda according to the provisions of the law. Their participation in public life is a national duty.

Article 63. Every individual shall have the right to address public authorities in writing and with his own signature. Addressing public authorities should not be in the name of groups with the exception of disciplinary organs and legal person .

PART FOUR . SOVEREIGNTY OF THE LAW

Article 64. The Sovereignty of the law is the basis of State rule.

Article 65. The State shall be subject to law. The independence and immunity of the judicature are two basic guarantees to safeguard rights and liberties.

Article 66. Penalty shall be personal. There shall be no crime or penalty except by virtue of the law. No penalty shall be inflicted except by a judicial sentence. Penalty shall be inflicted only for acts committed subsequent to the promulgation of the law prescribing them.

Article 67. Any defendant is innocent until he is proved guilty before a legal court, in which he is granted the right to defend himself . Every person accused of a crime must be provided with counsel for his defence.

Article 68. The right to litigation is inalienable for all, and every citizen has the right to refer to his competent judge. The State shall guarantee the accessibility of the judicature organs to litigants, and the rapidity of statuting on cases. Any provision in the law stipulating the immunity of any act or administrative decision from the control of the judicature shall be prohibited

Article 69. The right of defence in person or by power of attorney shall be guaranteed. The law shall grant the financially incapable citizens the means to resort to justice and defend their rights.

Article 70. No penal lawsuit shall be sued except by an order from a judicature organ with the exception of cases defined by law.

Article 71. Any person arrested or detained shall be informed forthwith of the reasons for his arrest or his detention. He shall have the right to communicate with whoever he sees fit and inform them of what has taken place and to ask for help in the way organized by law. He must be notified, as soon as possible, with the charges directed against him. Any person may lodge a complaint to the courts against any measure taken to restrict his personal freedom. The Law shall regulate the right of complaint in a manner ensuring a decision regarding it within a definite period or else release shall be imperative.

Article 72. Sentences shall be passed and executed in the name of the people. Likewise refraining from executing sentences or obstructing them on the part of the concerned civil servants shall be considered a crime punishable by law. In this case, those whom the sentence is in favour of , shall have the right to sue a direct penal lawsuit before the competent court.

PART FIVE . SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER I .The Head of the State

Article 73. The Head of the State is the President of the Republic . He shall assert the sovereignty of the people, respect for the Constitution and the supremacy of the law.
He shall safeguard national unity and the socialist gains and maintain the limits between authorities in a manner to ensure that each shall perform its role in the national action.

Article 74. If any danger threatens the national unity or the safety of the motherland or obstructs the constitutional role of the State institutions, the President of the Republic shall take urgent measures to face this danger, direct a statement to the people and conduct a referendum on these measures within sixty days of its adoption.

Article 75. The person to be elected President of the Republic must be an Egyptian born to Egyptian parents and enjoy civil and political rights. His age must not be less than 40 Gregorian years.

Article 76. The People’s Assembly shall nominate the President of the Republic. The nomination shall be referred to the people for a plebiscite. The nomination to the post of President of the Republic shall be made in the People’s Assembly upon the proposal of at least one third of its member. The candidate who wins two-thirds of the votes of the Assembly members shall be referred to the people for a plebiscite.
If none of the candidates obtains the said majority the nomination process shall be repeated two days after the first vote.
The candidate winning the votes with an absolute majority of the Assembly members shall be referred to the citizens for a plebiscite.
The candidate shall be considered President of the Republic when he obtains an absolute majority of the votes cast in the plebiscite.
If the candidate does not obtain this majority, the Assembly shall nominate another candidate and the same procedure shall be followed.

Article 77. The term of the Presidency is six Gregorian years starting from the date of the announcement of the result of the plebiscite.
The President of the Republic may be re-elected for other successive terms.

Article 78. Procedures for the choice of a new President of the Republic shall begin sixty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office.
The new President shall be selected at least one week before the expiration of the term.
Should this term expire without the choice of the new President being made for any reason whatsoever, the former President shall continue to exercise his functions until his successor is elected.

Article 79. Before exercising his powers, the President shall take the following oath before the People’s Assembly.
“I swear by Almighty God to uphold the Republican system with loyality, to respect the Constitution and the law, to look after the interests of the people fully and to safeguard the independence and territorial integrity of the motherland”.

Article 80. The salary of the President of the Republic shall be fixed by law.
Any amandment in the salary shall not come into force during the Presidential term in which it is decided upon.
The President of the Republic may not receive any other salary or remuneration.

Article 81. During his term the President of the Republic may not exercise any free profession or undertake any commercial, financial or industrial activity.
Nor may he acquire or take on lease any State property, sell to or exchange with the State any property of his whatsoever.

Article 82. If on account of any temporary obstacle the President of the Republic is unable to carry out his functions, he shall delegate his powers to a vice-president.

Article 83. In case of resignation, the President shall address the letter of resignation to the People’s Assembly.

Article 84. In case of the vacancy of the Presidential Office or the permanent disability of the President of the Republic, the President of the People’s Assembly shall temporarily assume the Presidency; and, if at that time, the People’s Assembly is dissolved, the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court shall take over the Presidency, however, on condition that neither one shall nominate himself for the Presidency.
The People’s Assembly shall then proclaim the vacancy of the office of President.
The President of the Republic shall be chosen within a maximum period of sixty days from the day of the vacancy of the Presidential Office.

Article 85. Any charge against the President of high treason or of committing a criminal act shall be made upon a proposal by at least one-third of the members of the People’s Assembly.
No impeachment shall be issued except upon the approval of a majority of two-thirds of the Assembly members.
The President shall be suspended from the exercise of his duty as from the issuance of the impeachment.
The Vice-President shall take over the Presidency temporarily until the decision concerning the impeachment is taken.
The President of the Republic shall be tried by a special tribunal set up by law.
The law shall also organise the trial procedures and define the penalty.
If he is found guilty, he shall be relieved of his post, without prejudice to other penalties.

CHAPTER II . The Legislature

Article 86. The People’s Assembly shall exercise the legislative power and approve the general policy of the State, the general plan of economic and social development and the general budget of the State.
It shall exercise control over the work of the executive authority in the manner prescribed by the Constitution.

Article 87. The law shall determine the constituencies into which the State shall be divided and the number of elected members of the People’s Assembly must be at least 350 persons, of which one half at least must be workers and farmers elected by direct secret public balloting.
The definition of the worker and the farmer shall be made by law.
The President of the Republic may appoint a number of members not exceeding ten.

Article 88. The necessary conditions stipulated in the members of the People’s Assembly shall be defined by law.
The rules of election and referendum shall be determined by law, while the ballot shall be conducted under the supervision of members of a judiciary organ.

Article 89. Employees of the State and of the public sector nominate themselves for membership in the People’s Assembly.
The member of the people’s Assembly shall devote himself to membership in the Assembly except in cases specified by law.
His post or work shall be held over for him in accordance with the provisions of the law.

Article 90. The member of the People’s Assembly shall take the following oath before the Assembly before entering upon his duties:
“I swear by God Almighty, that I shall preserve the safety of the nation and the Republican regime, shall attend to the interests of the people and shall respect the Constitution and law”.

Article 91. Members of the People’s Assembly shall receive a remuneration determined by the law.

Article 92. The duration of the People’s Assembly term is five Gregorian years from the date of its first meeting.
Elections for renewal of the Assembly shall take place within the sixty days preceding the termination of the term.

Article 93. The People’s Assembly shall be the only authority competent to decide upon the validity of its members.
A Court of Causation shall be competent to investigate the validity of contestation presented to the Assembly, on being referred to it by the President of the Assembly.
The contestation shall be referred to the Court of Cassation within fifteen days as from the date on which the Assembly was informed of it, while the investigation shall be completed within ninety days from the date on which the contestation is referred to the Court of Cassation.
The result of the investigation and the decision reached by the Court shall be submitted to the Assembly to decide upon the validity of the contestation within sixty days from the date of submission of the result of the investigation to the Assembly.
The membership will not be deemed invalid except by a decision taken by a majority of two-thirds of the Assembly members.

Article 94. If the seat of a member becomes vacant before the end of his term, a successor shall be elected or appointed to it, within sixty days from the date of the communication to the Assembly of the occurrence of the vacancy.
The term of the new member shall extend until the end of the term of his predecessor.

Article 95. No member of the People’s Assembly shall, during his mandate, purchase or rent any State property; or lease or sell to the State or barter with it regarding any part of his property, or conclude a contract with the State in his capacity as entrepreneur, importer or contractor.

Article 96. No membership in the People’s Assembly shall be revoked except on the grounds of loss of confidence or status or of one of the conditions of membership, or the loss of the member’s status as a worker or farmer upon which he was elected or the violation of the member’s mandate.
The membership shall be deemed invalid on the grounds of a decision taken by a majority of two-thirds of the Assembly members.

Article 97. The People’s Assembly alone may accept the resignation of its members .

Article 98. Members of the People’s Assembly shall not be censured for any opinions or thoughts expressed by them in the performance of their tasks in the Assembly or its committees.

Article 99. No member of the People’s Assembly shall be subject to a criminal prosecution without the permission of the Assembly except in cases of flagrant delicto.
If the Assembly is not in session, the permission of the President of the Assembly must be taken.
The Assembly must be notified of the measures taken in its first subsequent session.

Article 100. The seat of the People’s Assembly shall be Cairo.
However, in exceptional circumstances, it may meet another city, at the request of the President of the Republic or the majority of the Assembly members.
Any meeting of the Assembly in other than its designated seat is illicit and the resolutions passed in it shall be considered invalid.

Article 101. The President of the Republic shall convoke the People’s Assembly for its ordinary annual session before the second Thursday of November.
If it is not convoked, the Assembly shall meet, by force of the Constitution, on the said day.
The session of the ordinary meeting shall continue for at least seven months.

Article 102. The President of the Republic may call the People’s Assembly to an extraordinary meeting, in case of necessity, or upon a request signed by a majority of the Assembly members.
The President of the Republic shall announce the dismissal of the extraordinary meeting.

Article 103. The People’s assembly shall elect, in the first meeting of its ordinary annual session, a president and a vice-president for the term of the session.
If the seat of anyone of them is vacated, the Assembly shall elect a replacement, whose term will last until the end of his predecessors term.

Article 104. The People’s Assembly shall lay down its own rules of procedure organising the manner of the fulfilment of its tasks.

Article 105. The people’s Assembly alone shall be entitled to preserve order inside it.
The President of the Assembly shall be entrusted with this task.

Article 106. The meetings of the People’s Assembly shall be public.
However, a meeting in camera may be held at the request of the president of the Republic or of the government or of its Prime Minister or at least twenty of its members.
The Assembly shall then decide whether the debate on the question submitted to it shall take place in a public meeting or in a meeting in camera.

Article 107. The meeting of the Assembly shall be considered invalid if the majority of its members are not present.
The resolution of the Assembly shall be adopted by an absolute majority of the attending members, in cases other than those for which a specific majority is required.
Every Article of the draft laws shall be put to a vote.
In case of a tie vote, the question on which the debate had taken place shall be rejected.

Article 108. The president of the Republic shall have the right, in case of necessity or in exceptional cases and on the authorisation of the People’s Assembly upon the approval of a majority of two thirds of its members, to issue resolutions having the force of law.
The authorisation must be for a limited period of time during which the subjects of the resolutions and the grounds upon which they are based, must be determined.
The resolutions must be submitted to the People’s Assembly in the first meeting after the end of the authorisation period.
If they are not submitted or if they are submitted and not approved by the Assembly, they shall cease to have the force of law.

Article 109. The President of the Republic and every member of the People’s Assembly shall have the right to propose laws.

Article 110. Every draft law shall be referred to a committee of the Assembly which will study it and submit a report concerning it.
Draft laws presented by members of the People’s Assembly shall not be referred to this committee unless they are first referred to a special committee which will study them and give an opinion on the suitability of their consideration by the Assembly and after the Assembly decides to consider them.

Article 111. Every draft law proposed by a member and rejected by the Assembly cannot be presented again in the course of the same session.

Article 112. The president of the Republic shall have the right to promulgate laws or object to them.

Article 113. If the President of the Republic objects to a draft law ratified by the People’s Assembly he shall refer it back to the Assembly within thirty days from the Assembly’s communication of it.
If the draft law is not referred back within this period, it is considered a law shall be promulgated.
If it is referred back to the Assembly on the said date and approved once again by a majority of two- thirds of the members, it shall be considered a law and shall be promulgated.

Article 114. The people’s Assembly shall approve the general plan for economic and social development.
The manner of the preparation of the plan and of its submission to the people’s Assembly shall be determined by law.

Article 115. The draft general budget shall be submitted to the people’s Assembly at least two months before the beginning of the fiscal year.
It shall be considered in effect after approval.
The draft budget shall be voted upon title by title and shall be promulgated by a law.
The people’s Assembly may not effect any modification in the draft budget except with the approval of the government.
In case the ratification of the new budget does not take place before the beginning of the fiscal year, the old budget shall be acted on pending such ratification.
The manner of the preparation of the budget as well as the determination of the fiscal year shall be determined by law .

Article 116. The approval of the people’s Assembly shell be considered necessary for the transfer of any funds one title of the budget to another title, as well as for any expenditure not included in it or excess of its estimates, and this shall be issued by a law.

Article 117. The provisions regulating the budgets and accounts of public organisations and organisms shall be prescribed by law.

Article 118. The final account of the State budget shall be submitted to the people’s Assembly within a period not exceeding one year from the date of the expiration of the fiscal year.
It shall be voted-upon title by title and issued by a law.
The annual report of the Central Agency for Accounting and its observations must be submitted to the People’s Assembly.
The Assembly has the right to demand from the Central Agency for Accounting any data or other pertinent reports.

Article 119. The imposition, modification or abolition of general taxes cannot be effected except in the cases decreed by law.
No one may be exempted from their payment except in the cases specified by law.
No one may be asked to pay additional taxes or imposts except in the cases specified by law.

Article l20. The basic rules for collection of public funds and the procedure for their disbursement shall be regulated.

Article l21. The Executive Authority shall not contract a loan or bind itself to a project entailing expenditure of funds from the State Treasury in the course of a subsequent period, except with the approval of the People’s Assembly.

Article 122. The rules governing the granting of salaries, pensions, indemnities, subsides and bonuses from the state Treasury shall be determined by law which shall also regulate the cases excepted from these rules, and the authorities charged with their application.

Article 123. The rules and procedures for granting concessions relating to investment of the sources of natural wealth and of public utilities shall be determined by law; disposal, free of charge, of real estate properties belonging to the State or the ceding of moveable properties of the State and the rules and problems relating to them shall also be determined by law.

Article 124. Every member of the People’s Assembly shall be entitled to address questions to the Prime Minister or any of his deputies or the Ministers or their deputies concerning matters within their jurisdiction.
The Prime Minister, his deputies, the Ministers and the persons they delegate on their behalf shall answer the questions put to them by members.
The member may withdraw his question at any time; this same question may not be transformed into an interpellation in the same session.

Article 125. Every member of the People’s Assembly shall be entitled to address Inteprellations to the Prime Minister or his deputies or the Ministers or their deputies concerning matters within their jurisdiction.
Debate on an interpllation shall take place at least seven days after its submission, except in the cases of urgency as decided by the Assembly and with the government’s consent.

Article 126. The Ministers shall be responsible collectively for the general policy of the State before the People’s Assembly; also every Minister shall be responsible for the acts of his Ministry.
The People’s Assembly may decide to withdraw its confidence from any of the Prime Minister’s deputies or from many of the Ministers or their deputies.
A motion of no confidence should not be submitted except after an interpellation.
Such a motion should be proposed by one-tenth of the Assembly’s members.
The Assembly should not decide on such a motion until after at least three days from the date of its presentation.
CHAPTER III -The Executive

CHAPTER IV – The Judiciary Authority

CHAPTER V – The Supreme Constitutional Court

CHAPTER VI – The Socialist Public Prosecutor

CHAPTER VII – The Armed Forces and The National Defense Council

CHAPTER VIII – The Police